The main goal of the current study was the development of a superior academic procrastination scale. More recently, the construct of intentional procrastination has been delineated and measured using the active procrastination scale aps. Assign a point value to each of the following statements on a scale of 0 to 5, with 0 indicating that the statement is not true for you, and 5 indicating that the statement is strongly true for you. Academic procrastination scale and the tuckman 1991 scale, as anticipated, were highly correlated r. International conference on education and educational. The development and validation of the academic procrastination scale. People may use the following statements to describe themselves. He has also written a novel the long road to boston 1988. Scores on the general selfefficacyscale had a median of 62 or a median scale score of 3. Academic procrastination and course performance among. If something is neither relevant nor meaningful to you personally, it may.
Each item on the tps asks respondents to rate their tendencies to behave in a particular way according to a 5point likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The sample consisted of 200 university students including 155 women and 45 men students from social and natural sciences departments. As a distinct behavior, procrastination can be characterized in several ways. On the other hand, the students academic selfefficacy was.
The academic procrastination scale 2 2 scale can then be employed to further our understanding of this important. Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators 1 running. Attitudedrivestrategy motivating students to achieve in school is a topic of great practical concern to teachers and parents, and of great theoretical concern to researchers. Very seldom or not true of me seldom true of me sometimes true of me often true of me very often true, or true of me score 1. However, the current scale demonstrated superior predictive validity relative to the former. To measure procrastination tendency, the 16item tuckman procrastination scale 1991 was used. Prevalence of academic procrastination and reasons for. Tuckman procrastination scale tps tuckman, 1991 own translation.
Scale dependence and scale invariance in hydrology. Reproductions supplied by edrs are the best that can be made. Take a free 20 question test on procrastination, know where you stand, then learn how to eliminate your procrastination hot spots the procrastination test is a set of selfassessment questions. A selfreport measure of procrastination tendencies was developed and tested by relating it to a behavioral measure of procrastination and to a selfreport measure of general efficacy. Procrastination scale lay, 1986 for student populations instructions.
Aug 31, 2016 procrastination is a common problem, but defining and measuring it has been subject to some debate. The statements included, i delay making tough decisions, and answers ranged from strongly disagree 1 to strongly agree 5. Procrastination and depression research on procrastination procrastination humor. Literature search, coding procedure, and analysis this metaanalysis updates a previous procrastination database. Professor tuckman was also an avid runner who wrote the novel long road to boston 1998. Reproductions supplied by edrs are the best that can be. The development and concurrent validity of the procrastination scale. A 72item likert scale was written and administered to 50 college juniors and seniors. Participants responded on a 4 point scale ranging from 1 thats not me, for sure to 4 thats me, for sure. Procrastination, personality traits, and academic performance. Numerous scales such as the lay 1986 general procrastination scale, the.
The pure procrastination scale so you want to do our own research study on procrastination. In a pilot study, the 72item scale in a 4point likerttype response format was developed and administered. Validation of a french version of the pure procrastination. They answered an anonymous and selfadministered questionnaire, which contained demographic data, the academic procrastination scale short form apssf and the tuckman procrastination scale tps. A factor analysis of the results yielded two factors that formed the basis for reducing the scale to 35 items with a. A 72 item liked scale was written and administered to 50 college juniors and seniors. Procrastination refers to the delay or postponement of a task or decision and. The present paper examined the psychometric properties of the norwegian translations of these scales. Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon that affects everyones daytoday life and interferes with the clinical treatment of several psychopathological states. Examining the differences in procrastination tendencies.
Pdf a stepwise validation procedure was carried out to translate and develop a turkish version of the tuckman procrastination scale. Two items in the original scale loaded on a different factor and were removed from the measure. The tuckman procrastination scale distinguished only the highestperforming students. Students having the highest procrastination scores i. The tuckman procrastination scale was developed to measure procrastination tendency on academically related tasks tuckman, 1991 and is widely used ferrari, et. Tuckman gained his bachelor of science from renesselaer polytechnic institute in 1960, his masters in psychology from princeton in 1962 and his phd in 1963. Psychometric properties of the procrastination assessment. Pdf psychometric properties of the tuckman procrastination scale. This paper summarizes results from students and employees n 2893 in finland, germany, italy, norway, poland, and sweden using the pure procrastination scale pps and the irrational procrastination scale ips.
The relationships between academic procrastination and. The result further reported that high tendency to procrastinate would lead to a lower. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of procrastination on students life satisfaction among a group of college students. Students scores on the tuckman procrastination scale tuckman, 1991 were used as an indication of their academic procrastination tendency.
Rather items 1 to 10 suggest procrastination tendencies. Across the research literature over the past decade, it is recognized that procrastination is a form of selfregulation failure e. A unique form of procrastination, academic procrastination, is a lessstudied and unique outlet of procrastination that offers insight into some of the underlying causes of student failures. Finally the development and validation of the academic. The tuckman procrastination scale, on the other hand, is geared toward assessing academic procrastination in college settings, in. Procrastination worksheet notes to myself self assessment exercise. Negative and significant correlations between procrastination and time management and grades was obtained. Procrastination assessment scalestudent pass the pass was created by solomon and rothblum and includes 44 items in 2 parts.
The current study examined these scales as compared to a new scale, the academic procrastination scale aps. Procrastination refers to the delay or postponement of a task or decision and is often conceptualised as a failure of selfregulation. The correlations between procrastination and gender, age, area of residence and number of siblings respectively were not significant. So you want to do our own research study on procrastination. A procrastination test to uncover procrastination patterns. Document resume ed 319 792 author tuckman, bruce w. Copy and paste this code to your psytoolkit account if you want to use the scale in your own online research project scale.
Literature search, coding procedure, and analysis this metaanalysis updates a. I often find myself performing tasks that i had intended to do days before. The selfcompassion scale has demonstrated strong internal reliability all cronbachs. Selfreported problems of procrastination appeared among 4% 5% of the adult population during the 1970s, compared to the most recent figures of 15% 20% steel, 2012. Responses are based on a 4point likert scale and were summed across all 16 items where higher scores indicate greater tendencies to procrastinate. The procrastination test doesnt tell you whether your procrastinating is an inconvenience or a disabling habit. Questionnaire piq, the tuckman procrastination scale tps and the tenitem personality inventory tipi. In 1991 tuckman researched and developed a 32item procrastination scale that measured the degree to which a person procrastinated. Construct validity of active procrastination 1 the construct validity of active procrastination. The 14item scale had a onefactor solution as supported by subsequent confirmatory factor analysis. A significant negative correlation was found between procrastination and academic achievement. This shortened version of the procrastination scale was recommended for use as a means of detecting students who may tend to procrastinate in the. Irrational thoughts physiological symptoms of stress map out on a body map. The relationship between procrastination and academic.
The first part consists of 18 items measuring the level of procrastination in 6 academic domains. Psychometric properties of tuckman procrastination scale in a turkish sample. Following the course, students grades were obtained. Every one of us puts things off now and then, but there are some of us who perpetually procrastinate at work and at home. In this regard, tuckman procrastination scale and satisfaction with life scale were administered to 314 214 female, 100 male college students. However, a questionnaire specific for academic procrastination more effectively discriminated students academic performances. The tuckman procrastination scale was developed to measure pro crastination tendency on academically related tasks tuckman, 1991 and is widely used ferrari, et. The scale consisted of 16 items on a 5point likerttype scale.
However, the tuckman 1991 procrastination scale is the most widelyused scale to identify academic procrastinators. Note that the 3 on the scale is neutral the statement is neither characteristic nor uncharacteristic of you. Generally, scores in the 5764 range are considered high, 5056 range moderate, and 3549 range low. Measuring procrastination attitudinally and behaviorally. Academic procrastination scale and the tuckman 1991 scale, as anticipated, were highly. In this sense procrastination isnt the behaviors done or not done, but is a behavior unto itself. This article is published with open access at abstract procrastination refers to the delay or postponement of a task or decision. The unintentional procrastination scale springerlink. We used the 16item tuckman procrastination scale developed by tuckman 1991 to measure passive procrastination. You allow your responsibilities to take second place to other nonrelated tasks. Pdf psychometric properties of tuckman procrastination. Moreover, the selfregulated performance task used in the present study, and in prior. Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators 4 on the other hand, the decisional, avoidant, arousal trichotomy of procrastination is also popular, first proposed by ferrari 1992b. Note that the 3 on the scale is neutral the statement is neither characteristic nor.
The scale also demonstrated good convergent validity, with moderate to large correlations with both the procrastination assessment scalestudents and the tuckman procrastination scale. Tuckman, 1991, a questionnaire that measures general levels of procrastination. Procrastination scale scoring system add up all of your points and see where you fall within the ranges given. Implications of the results are discussed and recommendations for future work provided. In a pilot study, the 72item scale in a 4point likerttype response format was developed and administered to 50 college juniors and seniors. The stages identified in these articles are separated. In this twostudy paper, we aimed to develop a measure of unintentional procrastination named the unintentional procrastination scale or. Recent research has suggested that procrastination could be delineated into two domains. According tosteel 2007, procrastination tends to increase with the publication year of the research, revealing a possible increase of procrastination in society in general. Feel free to use it for any research purpose or clinical purposes and adjust the scale length or anchors as you see fit.
The tuckman procrastination scale 1991 was utilized to measure the students procrastination tendencies on academicrelated tasks. Pdf finally the development and validation of the academic. Forming, storming, norming and performing developmental sequence in groups. University of texas at arlington dissertation template. Documents will be processed as indicated provided reproduction quality permits. New books on the topic appear with increasing frequency and relevant research is proliferating at a rapid rate. For each statement, decide whether the statement is uncharacteristic or characteristic of you using the following 5 point scale. Two instrumentsthe irrational procrastination scale ips and the pure procrastination scale ppsfocus on a core problem in procrastinationthe irrational delay of intended behavior. Procrastination procrastinationisthepracticeofcarryingoutlessurgenttasksinpreferencetomoreurgentones,ordoing morepleasurablethingsinplaceoflesspleasurableones. Educational and psychological measurement, 51, 473480.
Article information, pdf download for the development and concurrent. Psychometric properties of the tuckman procrastination. The unintentional procrastination scale pdf paperity. Heres the scale you have been looking for, the irrational procrastination scale ips. Construction of the unintentional procrastination scale. Ensure that the coconut has some rice inside which can be seen through a small hole.
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